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Peru national football team

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This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see Peru women's national football team.

Peru
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)La Bicolor
(The Bicolour)
La Blanquirroja
(The White and Red)
La Rojiblanca
(The Red and White)
Los Incas
(The Incas)
AssociationPeruvian Football Federation (FPF)
ConfederationCONMEBOL
(South America)
Head coachJorge Fossati[1]
CaptainRenato Tapia
Most capsRoberto Palacios (128)
Yoshimar Yotún (128)
Top scorerPaolo Guerrero (39)
Home stadiumEstadio Nacional
FIFA codePER
First colours
Second colours
FIFA ranking
Current 38 Increase 5 (24 October 2024)[2]
Highest10 (October 2017)
Lowest91 (September 2009)
First international
 Peru 0–4 Uruguay 
(Lima, Peru; 1 November 1927)
Biggest win
 Peru 9–1 Ecuador 
(Bogotá, Colombia; 11 August 1938)
Biggest defeat
 Peru 0–7 Brazil 
(Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; 26 June 1997)
World Cup
Appearances5 (first in 1930)
Best resultQuarter-finals (1970, 1978)
Copa América
Appearances34 (first in 1927)
Best resultChampions (1939, 1975)
Panamerican Championship
Appearances2 (first in 1952)
Best resultFourth place (1952, 1956)
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Appearances1 (first in 2000)
Best resultSemi-finals (2000)
Bolivarian Games
Appearances11 (first in 1938)
Best resultChampions (1938, 1948, 1961, 1973, 1981)
Medal record
Copa América
Gold medal – first place 1939 Peru Team
Gold medal – first place 1975 South America Team
Silver medal – second place 2019 Brazil Team
Bronze medal – third place 1927 Peru Team
Bronze medal – third place 1993 Peru Team
Bronze medal – third place 1949 Brazil Team
Bronze medal – third place 1955 Chile Team
Bronze medal – third place 1979 South America Team
Bronze medal – third place 1983 South America Team
Bronze medal – third place 2011 Argentina Team
Bronze medal – third place 2015 Chile Team
Bolivarian Games
Gold medal – first place 1938 Bogotá Team
Gold medal – first place 1948 Lima Team
Gold medal – first place 1961 Barranquilla Team
Gold medal – first place 1973 Panama City Team
Gold medal – first place 1981 Barquisimeto Team
Bronze medal – third place 1951 Caracas Team
Bronze medal – third place 1977 La Paz Team
Websitefpf.pe

The Peru national football team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol del Perú), nicknamed La Bicolor, represents Peru in men's international football. The national team has been organised, since 1927, by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF).[A] The FPF constitutes one of the ten members of FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Peru has won the Copa América twice, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup five times (last appearing in 2018); the team also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition and has reached the semi-finals of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. The team plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, the country's capital.

The team wears distinctive white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe, which combine Peru's national colours. This basic design has been used continuously since 1936, and gives rise to the team's common Spanish nickname, la Blanquirroja ("the white-and-red").[4] Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ¡Arriba Perú! ("Onward Peru!") and large celebrations.[5] Peru has a longstanding rivalry with Chile.[6]

The Peru national team enjoyed its most successful periods thanks to footballing generations from the 1930s and the 1970s.[7] The 1930s generation led Peru at the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and won the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso and forwards Teodoro Fernández and Alejandro Villanueva playing important roles. The 1970s generation qualified Peru for three World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975; the team then notably included defender Héctor Chumpitaz and the forward partnership of Hugo Sotil and Teófilo Cubillas.

The national team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 39 goals, and its two joint most-capped players are Roberto Palacios and Yoshimar Yotún, both with 128 appearances.[8] Since December 2023, Peru is managed by the Uruguayan Jorge Fossati.

History

[edit]
Main article: History of the Peru national football team
Peru's debut at the 1927 South American Championship in Lima.

During the 19th century, British immigrants and Peruvians returning from England introduced football to Peru.[9] In 1859, members of the British community in the country's capital founded the Lima Cricket Club, Peru's first organisation dedicated to the practice of cricket, rugby, and football.[B][11][12] These new sports became popular among the local upper-class over the following decades, but early developments stopped due to the War of the Pacific that Peru fought against Chile from 1879 to 1883. After the war, Peru's coastal society embraced football as a modern innovation.[13] In Lima's barrios, football became a popular daily activity, encouraged by bosses who wanted it to inspire solidarity and productivity among their workers.[14] In the adjacent port of Callao and other commercial areas, British civilian workers and sailors played the sport among themselves and with locals.[15][C] Sports rivalries between locals and foreigners arose in Callao, and between elites and workers in Lima—as foreigners departed, this became a rivalry between Callao and Lima.[9][17] These factors, coupled with the sport's rapid growth among the urban poor of Lima's La Victoria district (where, in 1901, the Alianza Lima club formed), led to Peru developing the Andean region's strongest footballing culture,[18] and, according to historian Andreas Campomar, "some of the most elegant and accomplished football on the continent".[19]

The Peruvian Football League, founded in 1912, held annual competitions until it disbanded in 1921 amid disputes amongst its clubs.[20] The Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), formed in 1922, reorganised the annual tournament in 1926.[21] The FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925 and, after restructuring its finances, formed the Peru national football team in 1927.[22] The team debuted in the 1927 South American Championship, hosted by the FPF at Lima's Estadio Nacional.[15] Peru lost 0–4 against Uruguay in its first match, and won 3–2 over Bolivia in its second.[23] Peru did not advance beyond the first stage of the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930.[24]

The 1930s were the team's first golden era,[7] when they improved their game through play with more experienced teams.[19] The Combinado del Pacífico (a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers) toured Europe from 1933 to 1934.[D][19] Starting with Ciclista Lima in 1926, Peru's football clubs toured Latin America with much success.[25][26] During one of these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in 1935—emerged the Rodillo Negro ("Black Roller"), a skillful group led by forwards Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso.[27] Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field.[7] Peru and the Rodillo Negro impressed at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the inaugural Bolivarian Games in 1938, and finished the decade as South American champions.[28][29]

Historian David Goldblatt assessed the decline of its previous success: "despite all the apparent preconditions for footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared".[30] He attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of "social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural poor" during the 1940s and 1950s.[30] Nevertheless, Peru performed creditably at the South American Championships, placing third in Brazil 1949 and Chile 1955, and missed qualification for the Sweden 1958 World Cup finals, over two legs to eventual champions Brazil.[31]

Photo of four men in the foreground, inside a full stadium
Oswaldo Ramírez scored the goals against Argentina that secured Peru's 1970 World Cup qualification.

Successes during the late 1960s, including qualification for the 1970 FIFA World Cup finals in Mexico, ushered in a second golden period for Peruvian football.[7][32] The formidable forward partnership between Teófilo Cubillas and Hugo Sotil was a key factor in Peru's triumphs during the 1970s.[33] Peru reached the quarter-finals in 1970, losing to the tournament winners Brazil, and earned the first FIFA Fair Play Trophy;[34][35] historian Richard Henshaw describes Peru as "the surprise of the 1970 competition, showing flair and a high level of skill".[31] Five years later, Peru became South American champions for the second time when it won the 1975 Copa América (the then-rechristened South American Championship) despite failing to qualify for West Germany 1974 a year earlier. The team next qualified for two consecutive World Cup finals, reaching the second round in Argentina 1978 and the first group stage in Spain 1982. Peru's early elimination in 1982 marked the end of the side's globally-admired "flowing football".[36] Peru, nonetheless, barely missed the Mexico 1986 World Cup finals after placing second in a qualification group to eventual champions Argentina.[37] In their golden period from 1970 to 1982, Peru was among the best teams in the world.

By the late 1980s, renewed expectations for Peru were centred on a young generation of Alianza Lima players known colloquially as Los Potrillos ("The Colts"). Sociologists Aldo Panfichi and Victor Vich write that Los Potrillos "became the hope of the entire country"—fans expected them to qualify for the Italy 1990 World Cup finals.[38] These hopes were dashed when the national team entered a hiatus after its manager and several of its players died in a plane crash carrying most of Alianza's team and staff in 1987.[39] Peru subsequently only came close to reaching the France 1998 World Cup finals, missing qualification on goal difference,[37] but would go on to win the 1999 Kirin Cup tournament in Japan (sharing the title with Belgium)[40] and reached the semi-finals at the 1997 Copa América and the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup (contested as an invitee).[41]

Qualification for the FIFA World Cup finals continued being an elusive objective for Peru during the early 21st century.[37] According to historian Charles F. Walker, player indiscipline problems marred Peru's national team and football league.[42] Troubles in the FPF, particularly with its then-president Manuel Burga, deepened the crisis in Peruvian football—FIFA temporarily suspended the country from international competition, in late 2008, because the Peruvian government investigated alleged corruption within the FPF.[43][E] Burga's twelve-year tenure as FPF president, deemed by journalists and the public as disastrous for the national team, despite a third place at the 2011 Copa América, ended in 2014.[45][46][F] The FPF's new leadership appointed Juan Carlos Oblitas as the federation's new director and Ricardo Gareca as Peru's manager in March 2015.[49] Sports journalists credited Gareca with revitalizing Peru's football prowess by improving the players' training and professional conduct.[50] Under Gareca, Peru participated in the group stage of the Russia 2018 World Cup finals and finished runners-up at the 2019 Copa América.[51][52] After Peru narrowly missed qualification for the Qatar 2022 World Cup, losing the inter-continental play-off against Australia, the FPF appointed former team captain Juan Reynoso as Peru's new manager. Dissatisfied with results for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the FPF replaced Reynoso with Uruguayan Jorge Fossati in 2023.[53]

Kit

[edit]
Main article: Peru national football team kit

The Peru national football team plays in red and white, Peru's national colours.[54] Its first-choice kit has been, since 1936, white shorts, white socks, and white shirts with a distinctive red "sash" crossing their front diagonally from the proper left shoulder to the right hip and returning on the back from the right hip to the proper left shoulder. This basic scheme has been only slightly altered over the years.[4]

Photo of twelve men, seven standing and five crouching, inside a stadium
Peru in 1968, wearing their traditional kit. The distinctive red "sash" has been emblazoned across Peru's white shirts continuously since 1936.

Peru's kit has won praise as one of world football's most attractive designs. Christopher Turpin, the executive producer of NPR's All Things Considered news show, lauded the 1970 iteration as "the beautiful game's most beautiful shirt", also describing it as "retro even in 1970".[55] Miles Kohrman, football reporter for The New Republic, commended Peru's kit as "one of soccer's best-kept secrets".[56] Rory Smith, Chief Soccer Correspondent for The New York Times, referred to Peru's 2018 version of the jersey as "a classic" with a nostalgic, fan-pleasing "blood-red sash".[57] The version worn in 1978 came first in a 2010 ESPN list of the "Best World Cup jerseys of all time", described therein as "simple yet strikingly effective".[58]

Peru's first kit, made for the 1927 South American Championship, comprised a white-and-red striped shirt, white shorts and black socks.[59] At the 1930 World Cup, Peru used an alternate design because Paraguay had already registered a similar kit with white-and-red striped shirts. The Peruvians instead wore white shirts with a red collar, white shorts and black socks.[59] The team added a horizontal red stripe to the shirt for the 1935 South American Championship. The following year, at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the team adopted the iconic diagonal red sash design it has retained ever since.[4] According to historian Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora, the idea for the design came from school football matches in which coloured sashes worn over the shoulder would allow two teams wearing white shirts to play against each other.[60]

Peru wears as its badge the emblem of the Peruvian Football Federation. The first badge, presented in 1927, had a heater shield design with the country's name and the federation's acronym (FPF). Eight different emblems followed, with the longest-lasting design being the modern French escutcheon form emblazoned in the team's jersey from 1953 until 2014. This design had the Peruvian flag at its base, and either the country's name or the federation's acronym at its chief. Since 2014, the badge has a retro-inspired heater shield design, with the entire field comprised by Peru's flag and the federation's acronym, surrounded by a gold-colored frame.[61]

Eight sportswear manufacturers have supplied Peru's national team. The first, German company Adidas, supplied the team's kit in 1978 and 1983–1985. The FPF has signed contracts with manufacturers from Brazil (Penalty, 1981–82), Switzerland (Power, 1989–1991), Italy (Diadora, 1991–1992), England (Umbro, 1996–1997, 2010–2018), Ecuador (Marathon Sports, 2018–2022), and another from Germany (Puma, 1987–1989). The team has also been supplied by three local firms: Calvo Sporwear (1986–1987), Polmer (1993–1995), and Walon Sport (1998–2010).[62][63] Since January 2023, Adidas produces Peru's kit.[64]

Stadium

[edit]
Main article: Estadio Nacional del Perú
Photograph of the exterior of a modern football stadium
Exterior of the Estadio Nacional in 2013.
Photograph of a modern football stadium's interior; the stands are full of spectators
Interior of the Estadio Nacional in 2011.

The traditional home of Peruvian football is the country's national stadium, the Estadio Nacional in Lima, which seats 50,000 spectators.[15] The present ground is the Estadio Nacional's third incarnation, renovated under the Alan García administration. Its official re-inauguration, 24 July 2011,[65] marked 88 years to the day after the original ground opened on the same site in 1923.[66]

To celebrate the centenary of Peru's independence from Spain, Lima's British community donated the original Estadio Nacional, a wooden structure with a capacity of 6,000.[66] Construction began on 28 July 1921, overseen by President Augusto B. Leguía.[67] The stadium's re-inauguration on 27 October 1952, under the Manuel A. Odría administration, followed an onerous campaign for its renovation led by Miguel Dasso, president of the Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima.[68][69] The renovated stadium boasted a cement structure and larger spectator capacity of 53,000.[67] Its last redevelopment, in 2011, included the construction of a plaque-covered exterior, an internal multicoloured illumination system, two giant LED screens, and 375 private suites.[70][71]

A distinctive feature of the ground is the Miguel Dasso Tower on its north side, which contains luxury boxes (renovated in 2004).[68] The Estadio Nacional currently has a natural bermudagrass pitch, reinstalled as part of redevelopments completed in 2011. Previously, the FPF had installed artificial turf in the stadium for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, making it the only national stadium in CONMEBOL with such a turf.[72] Despite the synthetic ground's rating of "FIFA Star II", the highest certification granted to artificial pitches, players accused the turf of causing them injuries, such as burns and bruises.[73]

Peru sometimes play home matches at other venues. Outside the desert-like coast region of Lima, the thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco has been described as providing strategic advantages for Peru against certain visiting teams.[74] Other common alternate venues for the national team include two other grounds in the Peruvian capital—Alianza's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva and Universitario's Estadio Monumental ''U''.[75][76]

The national team's training grounds are located within the Villa Deportiva Nacional (VIDENA) sports complex in Lima's San Luis district. Since 1981, the complex is managed by the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD).[77] In 2017, following Peru's qualification for the Russia 2018 World Cup finals, the Peruvian Football Federation announced the creation of a new complex, the Center of National Teams, in Lima's Chaclacayo district. The new complex will contain six training grounds for both the male and the female squads, including the senior and the youth sides.[78] In 2023, the FPF also announced its Plan Maestro, which incorporates modernized infrastructure in the VIDENA.[79]

Supporters

[edit]
See also: Football in Peru
Photograph of a large poster, placed on a wall behind a tree, depicting a man celebrating
Giant poster in the town below Machu Picchu, featuring Edison Flores and the cheer ¡Arriba Perú!

Football has been the most popular sport in Peru since the early 20th century, with Peru having one of the largest fanbases in the Americas and possibly the world.[80] Originally largely exclusive to Lima's Anglophile elite and expatriates, and secluded from the rest of the city,[81] football became an integral part of wider popular culture during the 1900s and 1910s. Over the following decades, Augusto Leguía's government institutionalised the sport into a national pastime by promoting and organising its development.[82] Consequently, the national football team became an important element of Peru's national identity.[83] According to the historian Carlos Aguirre, nationalist fervor spiked during the qualification phase for the 1970 World Cup finals, because the revolutionary government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado tied the national team's success with the alleged cultural, social, and psychological changes spurred by the country's new political project.[84]

Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ¡Arriba Perú! ("Onward Peru!"),[5] unabating popular chant ¡Vamos peruanos! (Let's go Peruvians!),[85] as well as for their use of traditional Peruvian música criolla to express support, both at national team games and at club matches. Música criolla attained national and international recognition with the advent of mass media during the 1930s, becoming a recognised symbol of Peru and its culture.[86] The national team's most popular anthems are Peru Campeón, a polca criolla (Peruvian polka) glorifying Peru's qualification for the 1970 World Cup,[86] and Contigo Perú, a vals criollo (Peruvian waltz) that newspaper El Comercio calls "the hymn of Peruvian national football teams".[87][G] In 2018, a FIFA-sanctioned worldwide online poll honoured the "fervent and dedicated group" of Peruvian supporters at that year's World Cup tournament with the FIFA Fan Award.[89]

The Estadio Nacional disaster of 24 May 1964, involving Peruvian supporters, is cited as one of the worst tragedies in football history.[90] During a qualifying match for the 1964 Olympics between Peru's under-20 team and its counterpart from Argentina, the Uruguayan referee Angel Payos disallowed a would-be Peruvian equaliser, alleging rough play. Spectators threw missiles from the stands while two fans invaded the pitch and attacked the referee. Police threw tear gas into the crowd, causing a stampede; trying to escape, fans were crushed against the stadium's locked gates. A total of 315 people died in the chaos, with more than 500 others injured.[91]

Rivalries

[edit]

Chile

[edit]
Main article: Chile–Peru football rivalry
Portrait of two men, dressed in sports attire, looking straight at the viewer
Chile's Raúl Toro and Peru's Teodoro Fernández, opponents in the 1937 South American Championship.

The Peru national football team maintains prominent rivalries with its counterparts from neighbouring Chile and Ecuador. The Peruvians have a favourable record against Ecuador and a negative record against Chile.[92][93] Peru faced both rivals in the 1939 South American Championship in Lima, which also marked the first time that Peru faced Ecuador in an official tournament; Peru won both games.[94] Peru also defeated its rivals during qualifying for the Argentina 1978 World Cup, directly eliminating both teams.[92][93]

The Chile–Peru football rivalry is known in Spanish as the Clásico del Pacífico ("Pacific Derby").[6] CNN World Sport editor Greg Duke ranks it among the top ten football rivalries in the world.[95] Peru first faced Chile in the 1935 South American Championship, defeating it 1–0.[93] The football rivalry between Peru and Chile, partly a reflection of the geopolitical conflict between both neighboring states, is primarily a result of both football squads vying for recognition as the better team in South America's Pacific coast—as their football confederation is historically dominated by countries in South America's Atlantic coast.[96] The two countries traditionally compete with each other over the rank of fourth-best national team in South America (after Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay).[97] They also both claim to have invented the bicycle kick; Peruvians call it the chalaca, while it is the chilena in Chile.[98]

Ecuador

[edit]

The rivalry between the Ecuador and Peru football teams is rooted in the historical border conflict between the two nations dating back to the 19th century. In 1995, after the brief Cenepa War, CONMEBOL contemplated altering that year's Copa América group stage to prevent a match between the two sides, but ultimately did not.[99] According to cultural historian Michael Handelsman, Ecuadorian fans consider losses to Colombia or Peru "an excuse to lament Ecuador's inability to establish itself as an international soccer power".[100] Handelsman adds that "[t]he rivalries are intense, and the games always carry an element of national pride and honor".[100]

Results and fixtures

[edit]
Further information: Peru national football team results (2020–present)

The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

  Win   Draw   Loss   Fixture

2023

[edit]
16 November 2026 World Cup qualification Bolivia  2–0  Peru La Paz, Bolivia
16:00 UTC−4
Report Stadium: Estadio Hernando Siles
Attendance: 28,000
Referee: Guillermo Guerrero (Ecuador)
21 November 2026 World Cup qualification Peru  1–1  Venezuela Lima, Peru
21:00 UTC−5
Report
Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú
Attendance: 27,323
Referee: Darío Herrera (Argentina)

2024

[edit]
22 March Friendly Peru  2–0  Nicaragua Lima, Peru
20:45 UTC+1
Report Stadium: Estadio Alejandro Villanueva
Attendance: 33,900
Referee: Paulo Cezar Zanovelli (Brazil)
26 March Friendly Peru  4–1  Dominican Republic Lima, Peru
20:00 UTC−4
Report
Stadium: Estadio Monumental
Referee: Bráulio Da Silva Machado (Brazil)
7 June Friendly Peru  0–0  Paraguay Lima, Peru
20:45 UTC+1 Stadium: Estadio Monumental
14 June Friendly El Salvador  0–1  Peru Philadelphia, United States
20:30 UTC−4 Report
Stadium: Lincoln Financial Field
21 June 2024 Copa América Peru  0–0  Chile Arlington, United States
19:00 UTC−5 Stadium: AT&T Stadium
Attendance: 43,030
Referee: Wilton Sampaio (Brazil)
25 June 2024 Copa América Peru  0–1  Canada Kansas City, United States
17:00 UTC−5
Stadium: Children's Mercy Park
Attendance: 15,625
Referee: Mario Escobar (Guatemala)
29 June 2024 Copa América Argentina  2–0  Peru Miami Gardens, United States
20:00 UTC−4
Stadium: Hard Rock Stadium
Attendance: 64,972
Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Mexico)
6 September 2026 World Cup qualification Peru  1–1  Colombia Lima, Peru
20:30 UTC−5
Report
Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú
Attendance: 27,323
Referee: Esteban Ostojich (Uruguay)
10 September 2026 World Cup qualification Ecuador  1–0  Peru Quito, Ecuador
16:00 UTC−5
Report Stadium: Estadio Rodrigo Paz Delgado
Referee: Andrés Rojas (Colombia)
11 October 2026 World Cup qualification Peru  1–0  Uruguay Lima, Peru
20:30 UTC−5
Report Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú
Referee: Facundo Tello (Argentina)
15 October 2026 World Cup qualification Brazil  4–0  Peru Brasília, Brazil
21:45 UTC−3
Report Stadium: Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha
Attendance: 60,139
Referee: Esteban Ostojich (Uruguay)
15 November 2026 World Cup qualification Peru  v  Chile Lima, Peru
20:30 UTC−5 Report Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú
Referee: Wilton Sampaio (Brazil)
19 November 2026 World Cup qualification Argentina  v  Peru Buenos Aires, Argentina
21:00 UTC−3 Report Stadium: Estadio Monumental
Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)

Managers

[edit]
Main article: Peru national football team manager
Photo of a man with a moustache, wearing a sports outfit, in a thoughtful pose
Didi managed Peru at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico.

A total of 44 managers have led the Peru national football team since 1927 (including multiple spells separately); of these, 36 have been from Peru and 24 have been from abroad.[101] Sports analysts and historians generally consider Peru's most successful managers to have been the Englishman Jack Greenwell and the Peruvian Marcos Calderón. The former managed Peru to triumph in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 South American Championship, and the latter led Peru to victory in the 1975 Copa América tournament and coached it at the 1978 FIFA World Cup.[102][103] Three other managers have led Peru to tournament victories—Juan Carlos Oblitas, Freddy Ternero, and Sergio Markarián each oversaw Peru's victory in the Kirin Cup in Japan, in 1999, 2005 and 2011, respectively.[104]

Soon after forming Peru's national football team, the FPF invited Uruguayan coaches Pedro Olivieri and Julio Borelli to manage the squad. Olivieri received the FPF's first appointment, for the 1927 South American Championship, due to his prior experience managing Uruguay. Borelli became the national team's second manager, for the 1929 South American Championship, after some years of refereeing football matches in Peru.[105] The Spaniard Francisco Bru, Peru's third manager and first World Cup coach at the inaugural tournament in 1930, previously had been Spain's first manager.[102] The FPF next appointed the national team's first Peruvian coach, Telmo Carbajo, for the 1935 South American Championship.[101] Coach Ricardo Gareca was credited well, bringing Peru to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, finished second in the 2019 and placed third in 2015 and fourth in 2021 Copa América's, along with almost bringing Peru to their sixth World Cup in 2022 but was removed in 2022. The team's manager since December 2023 is Uruguay's Jorge Fossati.

Managers that brought outstanding changes to the Peru national team's style of play include the Hungarian György Orth and the Brazilians Didi and Tim. Orth coached Peru from 1957 to 1959; sports historian Andreas Campomar cites Peru's "4–1 thrashing of England in Lima" as evidence of Orth's positive influence over the national team's offensive game.[106] Víctor Benítez, Peru's defensive midfielder under Orth, attributes the Hungarian with maximizing the team's potential by accurately placing each player in their optimal positions.[107] Didi coached Peru from 1968 to 1970 and managed it at the 1970 FIFA World Cup; Campomar attributes Didi's tactics as the reason for Peru's development of a "free-flowing football" style.[106] Placar, a Brazilian sports journal, attributed Tim, who managed Peru at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, with making Peru "a team that plays beautiful, combining efficiency with that swagger that people thought only existed in Brazil".[108]

Players

[edit]

Current squad

[edit]

The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Chile and Argentina on 15 and 19 November 2024, respectively.[109]

Caps and goals are correct as of 15 October 2024, after the match against Brazil.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1GK Pedro Gallese (1990-02-23) 23 February 1990 (age 34) 113 0 United States Orlando City
1GK Carlos Cáceda (1991-09-27) 27 September 1991 (age 33) 8 0 Peru Melgar
1GK Diego Enríquez (2002-02-24) 24 February 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
1GK Diego Romero (2001-08-17) 17 August 2001 (age 23) 0 0 Peru Universitario
2DF Luis Advíncula (1990-03-02) 2 March 1990 (age 34) 122 2 Argentina Boca Juniors
2DF Carlos Zambrano (1989-07-10) 10 July 1989 (age 35) 79 4 Peru Alianza Lima
2DF Miguel Trauco (1992-08-25) 25 August 1992 (age 32) 75 0 Brazil Criciúma
2DF Aldo Corzo (1989-05-20) 20 May 1989 (age 35) 52 0 Peru Universitario
2DF Alexander Callens (1992-05-04) 4 May 1992 (age 32) 48 2 Greece AEK Athens
2DF Luis Abram (1996-02-27) 27 February 1996 (age 28) 44 1 United States Atlanta United
2DF Miguel Araujo (1994-10-24) 24 October 1994 (age 30) 38 1 United States Portland Timbers
2DF Oliver Sonne (2000-11-10) 10 November 2000 (age 23) 8 0 Denmark Silkeborg
2DF Renzo Garcés (1996-06-12) 12 June 1996 (age 28) 3 0 Peru Alianza Lima
2DF Erick Noriega (2001-07-22) 22 July 2001 (age 23) 1 0 Peru Alianza Lima
3MF Renato Tapia (1995-07-28) 28 July 1995 (age 29) 87 5 Spain Leganés
3MF Sergio Peña (1995-09-28) 28 September 1995 (age 29) 45 4 Sweden Malmö
3MF Wilder Cartagena (1994-09-23) 23 September 1994 (age 30) 38 0 United States Orlando City
3MF Jesús Castillo (2001-06-11) 11 June 2001 (age 23) 12 1 Portugal Gil Vicente
3MF Piero Quispe (2001-08-14) 14 August 2001 (age 23) 10 1 Mexico UNAM
3MF Horacio Calcaterra (1989-02-22) 22 February 1989 (age 35) 10 0 Peru Universitario
3MF Jean Pierre Archimbaud (1994-08-16) 16 August 1994 (age 30) 3 0 Peru Melgar
4FW Paolo Guerrero (1984-01-01) 1 January 1984 (age 40) 122 39 Peru Alianza Lima
4FW Edison Flores (1994-05-15) 15 May 1994 (age 30) 78 16 Mexico Atlas
4FW Andy Polo (1994-09-29) 29 September 1994 (age 30) 50 1 Peru Universitario
4FW Gianluca Lapadula (1990-02-07) 7 February 1990 (age 34) 38 9 Italy Cagliari
4FW Alex Valera (1996-05-16) 16 May 1996 (age 28) 18 3 Peru Universitario
4FW Bryan Reyna (1998-08-23) 23 August 1998 (age 26) 15 2 Argentina Belgrano
4FW José Rivera (1997-05-08) 8 May 1997 (age 27) 4 0 Peru Universitario
4FW Luis Ramos (1999-12-13) 13 December 1999 (age 24) 2 0 Peru Cusco

Recent call-ups

[edit]

The players listed below were not included in the current squad, but have been called up by Peru in the last twelve months.

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Renato Solís (1998-01-27) 27 January 1998 (age 26) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Dominican Republic, 26 March 2024
GK Alejandro Duarte (1994-04-05) 5 April 1994 (age 30) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Venezuela, 21 November 2023
DF Marcos López (1999-11-20) 20 November 1999 (age 24) 41 0 Denmark Copenhagen v.  Brazil, 15 October 2024
DF Anderson Santamaría (1992-01-10) 10 January 1992 (age 32) 30 0 Mexico Santos Laguna v.  Ecuador, 10 September 2024
DF Nelson Cabanillas (2000-02-08) 8 February 2000 (age 24) 0 0 Peru Universitario 2024 Copa América PRE
DF Gu-Rum Choi (1998-08-22) 22 August 1998 (age 26) 0 0 Peru ADT 2024 Copa América PRE
DF Matías Lazo (2003-07-11) 11 July 2003 (age 21) 0 0 Peru Melgar 2024 Copa América PRE
DF Paolo Reyna (2001-10-13) 13 October 2001 (age 23) 1 0 Peru Melgar v.  Paraguay, 7 June 2024
DF Carlos Ascues (1992-06-19) 19 June 1992 (age 32) 26 5 Peru Universidad César Vallejo v.  Dominican Republic, 26 March 2024
DF Rafael Lutiger (2001-07-03) 3 July 2001 (age 23) 0 0 Peru Sport Boys v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 INJ
DF Jhilmar Lora (2000-10-24) 24 October 2000 (age 24) 8 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
DF Leonardo Díaz (2004-03-19) 19 March 2004 (age 20) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
DF Marco Huamán (2002-09-25) 25 September 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Peru Alianza Lima v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
DF Emilio Saba (2001-03-26) 26 March 2001 (age 23) 0 0 Peru Carlos A. Mannucci v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
DF Arón Sánchez (2003-05-04) 4 May 2003 (age 21) 0 0 Mexico Tampico Madero v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
MF Jorge Murrugarra (1997-03-22) 22 March 1997 (age 27) 1 0 Peru Universitario v.  Brazil, 15 October 2024
MF Christian Cueva (1991-11-23) 23 November 1991 (age 32) 100 16 Peru Cienciano 2024 Copa América
MF Martín Távara (1999-03-25) 25 March 1999 (age 25) 4 0 Peru Sporting Cristal 2024 Copa América PRE
MF Alfonso Barco (2001-12-07) 7 December 2001 (age 22) 0 0 Uruguay Defensor Sporting 2024 Copa América PRE
MF Catriel Cabellos (2004-08-18) 18 August 2004 (age 20) 0 0 Peru Alianza Lima 2024 Copa América PRE
MF Kenji Cabrera (2003-01-27) 27 January 2003 (age 21) 0 0 Peru Melgar 2024 Copa América PRE
MF Pedro Aquino (1995-04-13) 13 April 1995 (age 29) 36 3 Mexico Santos Laguna v.  Nicaragua, 22 March 2024 INJ
MF Yoshimar Yotún (1990-04-07) 7 April 1990 (age 34) 128 8 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Venezuela, 21 November 2023 INJ
MF Alexis Arias (1995-12-13) 13 December 1995 (age 28) 5 0 Peru Melgar v.  Venezuela, 21 November 2023
MF Walter Tandazo (2000-06-14) 14 June 2000 (age 24) 0 0 Peru Melgar v.  Venezuela, 21 November 2023
MF Gonzalo Aguirre (2003-05-06) 6 May 2003 (age 21) 0 0 Argentina Nueva Chicago v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
MF Adrián Ascues (2002-11-15) 15 November 2002 (age 21) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
MF Jefferson Cáceres (2002-08-22) 22 August 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Peru Melgar v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
MF Sebastián Cavero (2002-06-20) 20 June 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Peru Melgar v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
MF Christian Neira (2000-11-23) 23 November 2000 (age 23) 0 0 Peru Unión Comercio v.  Bolivia, 16 November 2023 PRE
FW Joao Grimaldo (2003-02-20) 20 February 2003 (age 21) 10 1 Serbia Partizan v.  Brazil, 15 October 2024
FW Maxloren Castro (2007-12-08) 8 December 2007 (age 16) 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal v.  Brazil, 15 October 2024 PRE
FW Yordy Reyna (1993-09-17) 17 September 1993 (age 31) 30 2 Russia Rodina Moscow v.  Ecuador, 10 September 2024
FW Santiago Ormeño (1994-02-04) 4 February 1994 (age 30) 13 0 Mexico Puebla v.  Ecuador, 10 September 2024
FW Franco Zanelatto (2000-05-09) 9 May 2000 (age 24) 5 0 Peru Alianza Lima v.  Colombia, 6 September 2024 WD
FW André Carrillo (1991-06-14) 14 June 1991 (age 33) 100 11 Brazil Corinthians 2024 Copa América
FW Raúl Ruidíaz (1990-07-25) 25 July 1990 (age 34) 55 4 United States Seattle Sounders 2024 Copa América PRE
FW Luis Iberico (1998-02-08) 8 February 1998 (age 26) 7 2 Peru Sporting Cristal 2024 Copa América PRE
FW Kevin Quevedo (1997-02-22) 22 February 1997 (age 27) 1 0 Peru Alianza Lima 2024 Copa América PRE
FW Jhamir D'Arrigo (1999-11-15) 15 November 1999 (age 24) 0 0 Peru Alianza Lima 2024 Copa América PRE
FW Fabrizio Roca (2002-03-20) 20 March 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Peru Sport Boys 2024 Copa América PRE
FW Matías Succar (1999-02-16) 16 February 1999 (age 25) 0 0 Peru Alianza Lima v.  Venezuela, 21 November 2023

INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to injury/absent from the national team due to injury.
PRE Preliminary squad
SUS Player is serving a suspension
WD Player withdrew from the squad
RETPlayer has retired from international football.

Notable

[edit]
Main article: List of Peru international footballers
Photo of three men, wearing all-white uniforms marked by a red diagonal stripe in their jerseys, inside a stadium filled with spectators
Hugo Sotil, Teófilo Cubillas, and Roberto Challe (left to right) at the Estadio Nacional in 1973.

A report published by CONMEBOL in 2008 described Peru as traditionally exhibiting an "elegant, technical and fine football style", and praised it as "one of the most loyal exponents of South American football talent".[110] In 2017, Argentine manager Ricardo Gareca described Peruvian footballers as "technically sound, [physically] strong and adaptable", adding that their adaptability resulted from Peru's diverse geography.[111]

Peruvian players noted in the CONMEBOL report as "true artists of the ball" include forwards Teófilo Cubillas, Pedro Pablo León and Hugo Sotil, defender Héctor Chumpitaz and midfielders Roberto Challe, César Cueto, José del Solar, and Roberto Palacios.[110] Cubillas, an attacking midfielder and forward popularly known as El Nene ("The Kid"), is widely regarded as Peru's greatest ever player.[112] Chumpitaz is often cited as the team's best defender; Witzig lists him among his "Best Players of the Modern Era", and praises him as "a strong reader of the game with excellent ball skills and distribution, [who] marshalled a capable defence to support Peru's attack".[113] El Gráfico, an Argentine sports journal, described Cueto, Cubillas, and José Velásquez as, collectively, "the best [midfield] in the world" in 1978.[114]

Before Cubillas' appearance, Teodoro "Lolo" Fernández, a forward nicknamed El Cañonero ("The Cannoneer"), held the status of Peru's greatest player—due to his powerful shots, marksmanship, and club loyalty to Universitario.[115] Fernández participated as a key member of the Rodillo Negro team of the 1930s, along with Alejandro Villanueva and Juan Valdivieso.[116] Fernández scored most of the team's goals; his partner in attack, the gifted playmaker Villanueva, awed audiences with his acrobatic skills. Goalkeeper Valdivieso had a reputation as a penalty stopper with exceptional athleticism.[117]

In 1972, teams representing Europe and South America played a commemorative match in Basel, Switzerland, for the benefit of homeless children. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, Sotil, and Julio Baylón played in the South American team, which won the game 2–0; Cubillas scored the first goal.[118] The teams held another match the following year, at Barcelona's Camp Nou, with the declared intent of fighting global poverty. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, and Sotil again participated, with Chumpitaz named South America's captain. Each of the Peruvians scored in a 4–4 draw, which South America won 7–6 on penalties.[119]

Team records

[edit]
Main article: Peru national football team records and statistics

The Peru national football team has played 645 matches since 1927, including friendlies.[23] The largest margin of victory achieved by a Peru side was a 9–1 win against Ecuador on 11 August 1938, at the Bolivarian Games in Colombia. The team's record defeat was a 7–0 loss to Brazil at the 1997 Copa América in Bolivia.[23]

As of 15 October 2024[120]
Players in bold are still active with Peru.

Most appearances

[edit]
Yoshimar Yotún is Peru's joint-most capped player with 128 appearances.
Rank Player Caps Goals Career
1 Roberto Palacios 128 19 1992–2012
Yoshimar Yotún 128 8 2011–present
3 Luis Advíncula 122 2 2010–present
Paolo Guerrero 122 40 2004–present
5 Pedro Gallese 113 0 2014–present
6 Héctor Chumpitaz 105 3 1965–1981
7 Jefferson Farfán 102 27 2003–2021
8 Jorge Soto 101 9 1992–2005
9 André Carrillo 100 11 2011–present
Christian Cueva 100 16 2011–present

The two Peruvian players with the most international caps are Roberto Palacios, and Yoshimar Yotún who both made 128 appearances for the side from 1992 to 2007 and 2011 to present. The player with the third-most caps is Paolo Guerrero with 122. The Peruvian goalkeeper with the most appearances is Pedro Gallese with 113. [8]

Top goalscorers

[edit]
Paolo Guerrero is Peru's top scorer with 39 goals.
Rank Player Goals Caps Ratio Career
1 Paolo Guerrero (list) 39 122 0.32 2004–present
2 Jefferson Farfán 27 102 0.26 2003–2021
3 Teófilo Cubillas 26 81 0.32 1968–1982
4 Teodoro Fernández 24 32 0.75 1935–1947
5 Claudio Pizarro 20 85 0.24 1999–2016
Nolberto Solano 20 95 0.21 1994–2008
7 Roberto Palacios 19 128 0.15 1992–2012
8 Hugo Sotil 18 62 0.29 1970–1978
9 Oswaldo Ramírez 17 57 0.3 1969–1982
10 Franco Navarro 16 56 0.29 1980–1989
Edison Flores 16 78 0.21 2013–present
Christian Cueva 16 100 0.16 2011–present

The team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 39 goals in 122 appearances. He is followed by Jefferson Farfán, with 27 goals in 102 appearances, and Teófilo Cubillas, who scored 26 goals in 81 appearances.[8] Of the top ten scorers for Peru, Teodoro Fernández, with 24 goals in 32 games, holds the best goal-per-appearance ratio (0.75 goals/match).[8] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest ever goal, coming less than a minute into a match against Mexico on 20 August 2003.[121]

Peru's current captain is forward Paolo Guerrero.[122] Midfielder Leopoldo Basurto was the team's first captain.[123] Defender Héctor Chumpitaz held the Peruvian team's leadership position for the longest time, between 1965 and 1981.[124] Forward Claudio Pizarro had the second-longest tenure as captain, from 2003 to 2016.[123] In 2022, streaming service Netflix launched "Contigo capitán", a series about Paolo Guerrero's doping ban that almost impeded his participation in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[125] Other notable captains include Rubén Díaz (1981–1985), Julio César Uribe (1987–1989), Juan Reynoso (1993–1999), and Nolberto Solano (2000–2003).[124]

Competitive record

[edit]

FIFA World Cup

[edit]
Main article: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and catches the ball.
Peru's match against Romania at the 1930 World Cup.

Peru has taken part in the World Cup finals five times. The Peruvian team competed at the first World Cup in 1930 by invitation, and has entered each tournament at the qualifying stage since 1958, qualifying for the finals four times: in 1970, 1978, 1982 and 2018. Its all-time record in World Cup qualifying matches, as of 2017, stands at 43 wins, 37 draws and 69 losses. In the finals, the team has won five matches, drawn three and lost ten, with 21 goals in favour and 33 against.[23] Peru won the inaugural FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded at the 1970 World Cup, having been the only team not to receive any yellow or red cards during the competition.[34] Peru has the peculiar distinction of always facing the tournament's eventual winners during the finals phase.[126]

Luis de Souza Ferreira scored Peru's first World Cup goal on 14 July 1930, in a match against Romania.[127] José Velásquez scored Peru's fastest World Cup finals goal—that is, that scored soonest after kick-off—two minutes into the match against Iran on 11 June 1978.[128] Jefferson Farfán is Peru's top scorer and fifth-overall top scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualification, with 16 goals.[129] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top scorer in the World Cup finals, with 10 goals in 13 games.[130] During the 1930 competition, a Peruvian became the first player sent off in a World Cup—his identity is disputed between sources as either defender Plácido Galindo or midfielder Mario de las Casas.[H] Peru's Ramón Quiroga holds the unusual record of being the only goalkeeper to commit a foul in the opponent's side of the pitch in a match at the World Cup finals.[133]

FIFA World Cup Qualification
Year Host Round Pld W D L F A Squad Pos. Pld W D L F A
1930  Uruguay Group stage 2 0 0 2 1 4 Squad Qualified as invitees
1934  Italy Withdrew Withdrew
1938  France Did not enter Did not enter
1950 to 1954 Withdrew Withdrew
1958  Sweden Did not qualify 2nd 2 0 1 1 1 2
1962  Chile 2nd 2 0 1 1 1 2
1966  England 2nd 4 2 0 2 8 6
1970  Mexico Quarter-finals 4 2 0 2 9 9 Squad 1st 4 2 1 1 7 4
1974  West Germany Did not qualify Play-off 3 1 0 2 3 4
1978  Argentina Quarter-finals 6 2 1 3 7 12 Squad 2nd 6 3 2 1 13 3
1982  Spain Group stage 3 0 2 1 2 6 Squad 1st 4 2 2 0 5 2
1986  Mexico Did not qualify Play-offs 8 3 2 3 10 9
1990  Italy 3rd 4 0 0 4 2 8
1994  United States 4th 6 0 1 5 4 12
1998  France 5th 16 7 4 5 19 20
2002  South Korea
 Japan 		8th 18 4 4 10 14 25
2006  Germany 9th 18 4 6 8 20 28
2010  South Africa 10th 18 3 4 11 11 34
2014  Brazil 7th 16 4 3 9 17 26
2018  Russia Group stage 3 1 0 2 2 2 Squad Play-off 20 8 6 6 29 26
2022  Qatar Did not qualify Play-off 19 7 4 8 19 22
2026  Canada
 Mexico
 United States 		To be determined In progress 8 0 3 5 2 10
2030  Morocco
 Portugal
 Spain 		To be determined
2034  Saudi Arabia
Total Quarter-finals 18 5 3 10 21 33 — 5/22 176 50 44 82 185 243

Copa América

[edit]
Main article: Peru at the Copa América
An action shot from a football match. A player scores from a bicycle kick.
Peru's match against Chile at the 1975 Copa América.

Peru's national team has taken part in 34 editions of the Copa América since 1927, and has won the competition twice (in 1939 and 1975). The country has hosted the tournament six times (in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957 and 2004). Peru's overall record in the competition is 58 victories, 40 draws, and 66 losses.[23] Peru won the Fair Play award in the 2015 edition.[134]

Demetrio Neyra scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 13 November 1927, in a match against Bolivia.[59] Christian Cueva scored Peru's fastest Copa América goal, two minutes into the match against Brazil on 14 June 2015.[135] Four tournaments have featured a Peruvian top scorer: Teodoro Fernández in 1939, and Paolo Guerrero in 2011, 2015, and 2019.[136][137] Fernández, the Copa América's third-overall scorer, was named best player of the 1939 tournament; Teófilo Cubillas, voted the best player in the 1975 competition, is the only other Peruvian to win this award.[138]

Peru earned its first continental title in 1939, when it won the South American Championship with successive victories over Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. This marked the first time that the competition had been won by a team other than Uruguay, Brazil, or Argentina.[139] Peru became South American champions for the second time in 1975, when it won that year's Copa América, the first to feature all ten CONMEBOL members.[140] Peru came top of their group in the first round, eliminating Chile and Bolivia, and in the semi-finals drew with Brazil over two legs, winning 3–1 in Brazil but losing 2–0 at home. Peru was declared the winner by drawing of lots. In the two-legged final between Colombia and Peru, both teams won their respective home games (1–0 in Bogota and 2–0 in Lima), forcing a play-off in Caracas that Peru won 1–0.[141]

South American Championship (1916–1967)
Year Host Position Pld W D L GF GA Squad
1916 to 1926 Did not enter
1927  Peru Third place 3 1 0 2 4 11 Squad
1929  Argentina Fourth place 3 0 0 3 1 12 Squad
1935  Peru Third place 3 1 0 2 2 5 Squad
1937  Argentina Sixth place 5 1 1 3 7 10 Squad
1939  Peru Champions 4 4 0 0 13 4 Squad
1941  Chile Fourth place 4 1 0 3 5 5 Squad
1942  Uruguay Fifth place 6 1 2 3 5 10 Squad
1945 to 1946 Withdrew
1947  Ecuador Fifth place 7 2 2 3 12 9 Squad
1949  Brazil Third place 7 5 0 2 20 13 Squad
1953  Peru Fifth place 6 3 1 2 4 6 Squad
1955  Chile Third place 5 2 2 1 13 11 Squad
1956  Uruguay Sixth place 5 0 1 4 6 11 Squad
1957  Peru Fourth place 6 4 0 2 12 9 Squad
1959 (first)  Argentina Fourth place 6 1 3 2 10 11 Squad
1959 (second)  Ecuador Did not enter
1963  Bolivia Fifth place 6 2 1 3 8 11 Squad
1967  Uruguay Withdrew
Copa América (1975–present)
Year Host Round Pld W D L GF GA Squad
1975 No fixed host Champions 9 6 1 2 14 7 Squad
1979 No fixed host Third place 2 0 1 1 1 2 Squad
1983 No fixed host Third place 6 2 3 1 7 6 Squad
1987  Argentina Group stage 2 0 2 0 2 2 Squad
1989  Brazil Group stage 4 0 3 1 4 7 Squad
1991  Chile Group stage 4 1 0 3 9 9 Squad
1993  Ecuador Quarter-finals 4 1 2 1 4 5 Squad
1995  Uruguay Group stage 3 0 1 2 2 5 Squad
1997  Bolivia Fourth place 6 3 0 3 5 11 Squad
1999  Paraguay Quarter-finals 4 2 1 1 7 6 Squad
2001  Colombia Quarter-finals 4 1 1 2 4 8 Squad
2004  Peru Quarter-finals 4 1 2 1 7 6 Squad
2007  Venezuela Quarter-finals 4 1 1 2 5 8 Squad
2011  Argentina Third place 6 3 1 2 8 5 Squad
2015  Chile Third place 6 3 1 2 8 5 Squad
2016  United States Quarter-finals 4 2 2 0 4 2 Squad
2019  Brazil Runners-up 6 2 2 2 7 9 Squad
2021  Brazil Fourth place 7 2 2 3 10 14 Squad
2024  United States Group stage 3 0 1 2 0 3 Squad
2028 To be determined
Total 2 titles 34/48 164 58 40 66 230 258 —

CONCACAF Gold Cup

[edit]
Main article: Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup

Peru competed in the CONCACAF Gold Cup's fifth edition in 2000. Peru participated, along with Colombia and South Korea, as that year's invitees. The Peruvian team's overall record in the tournament is 1 victory, 1 draw, and 2 losses.[23]

Ysrael Zúñiga scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 14 February 2000, in a match against Haiti. Roberto Palacios, the team's top scorer with two goals in four matches, received a spot in that year's "team of the tournament", comprising the competition's eleven best players.[142]

Peru progressed past the North American tournament's first stage, despite not winning any of its matches, as the second-best ranked team in Group B behind the United States.[142] Peru next defeated Honduras 5–3 in a heated quarter-finals match that ended a minute early due to a pitch invasion by irate Honduran fans.[143] Colombia defeated Peru 2–1 in the semi-finals, in a match that included an own goal from Peru's Marcial Salazar.[142]

Olympic Games

[edit]
See also: Peru at the Olympics
An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and punches the ball away from his goalmouth
Peru playing against Austria in the 1936 Olympic football tournament.

Peru's senior side has competed in the Olympic football tournament once, at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The multiracial 1936 team has been described by historian David Goldblatt as "the jewel of the country's first Olympic delegation".[144] It had a record of two victories, scoring 11 goals and conceding 5.[23]

Teodoro Fernández scored Peru's first goal in the tournament in the match against Finland on 6 August, and finished as the team's top scorer with six goals in two games, including Peru's only hat-trick at the Olympics.[145]

The 1935 South American Championship in Lima acted as the qualifying stage for the 1936 Olympic tournament. Uruguay won undefeated and Argentina came second, but neither took up their Olympic spot because of economic issues. Peru, who had come third, represented South America.[7][146] The Peruvian team began the competition with a 7–3 win over Finland,[145] after which it faced Austria, managed by Jimmy Hogan and popularly known as the Wunderteam, in the quarter-finals.[I] After the game ended 2–2, Peru scored twice in extra time to win 4–2.[150] Peru expected to then face Poland in the semi-finals, but events off the pitch led to the withdrawal of Peru's Olympic delegation before the match.[J]

Honours

[edit]

Major competitions

[edit]

Continental

[edit]

Regional

[edit]
  • Bolivarian Games
    • 1st place, gold medalist(s) Gold medal (5): 1938, 1947-48, 1961, 1973, 1981
    • 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Bronze medal (2): 1951, 1977

Friendly

[edit]
  • Copa del Pacífico (vs  Chile)
    • Champions (4): 1953, 1954, 1971 (shared), 1982
  • Kirin Cup
    • Champions (3): 1999 (shared), 2005 (shared), 2011 (shared)

Summary

[edit]
Senior competition 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Total
Copa América 2 1 8 11
Total 2 1 8 11

See also

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Agostino, Gilberto (2002). Vencer Ou Morrer: Futebol, Geopolítica e Identidade Nacional (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ & MAUAD Editora Ltda. ISBN 85-7478-068-5.
  • Aguirre, Carlos (2013). "<<Perú Campeón>>: Fiebre Futbolística y Nacionalismo en 1970". In Aguirre, Carlos; Panfichi, Aldo (eds.). Lima, Siglo XX: Cultura, Socialización y Cambio. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. ISBN 978-612-4146-58-9.
  • Basadre, Jorge (1964). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Lima: Talleres Graficos P.L. Villanueva S.A.
  • Bravo, Gonzalo (2012). "Association Football, Pacific Coast of South America". In Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (eds.). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-301-9.
  • Campomar, Andreas (2014). Golazo! The Beautiful Game from the Aztecs to the World Cup. New York City: Riverhead Books. ISBN 978-0-698-15253-3.
  • Dunmore, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
  • Fiore, Fernando (2012). ¡Vamos al Mundial! (in Spanish). New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-222664-8.
  • Foley Gambetta, Enrique (1983). Léxico del Peru (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Lima: Talleres Jahnos.
  • Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball is Round. New York: Riverhead Trade. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
  • Handelsman, Michael (2000). Culture and Customs of Ecuador. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30244-8.
  • Henshaw, Richard (1979). The Encyclopedia of World Soccer. Washington, D.C.: New Republic Books. ISBN 0-915220-34-2.
  • Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A Cultural and Literary History. Oxford: Signal Books Limited. ISBN 1-902669-98-3.
  • Jacobsen, Nils (2008). "Peru". In Herb, Guntram; Kaplan, David (eds.). Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-907-8.
  • Leigh Raffo, Denise (2005). "El miedo a la multitud. Dos provincianos en el Estadio Nacional, 1950–1970". In Rosas Lauro, Claudia (ed.). El Miedo en el Perú: Siglos XVI al XX (in Spanish). Lima: PUCP Fondo Editorial. ISBN 9972-42-690-4.
  • Llopis, Ramón (2009). Fútbol Postnacional: Transformaciones Sociales y Culturales del "Deporte Global" en Europa y América Latina (in Spanish). Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial. ISBN 978-84-7658-937-3.
  • Mandell, Richard (1987). The Nazi Olympics. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01325-5.
  • Miró, César (1958). Los Intimos de La Victoria (in Spanish). Lima: Editorial El Deporte.
  • Murray, William (1994). Football: A History of the World Game. Aldershot: Scolar Press. ISBN 1-85928-091-9.
  • Panfichi, Aldo; Vich, Victor (2005). "Political and Social Fantasies in Peruvian Football: The Tragedy of Alianza Lima in 1987". In Darby, Paul; Johnes, Martin; Mellor, Gavin (eds.). Soccer and Disaster: International Perspectives. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5352-7.
  • Radnedge, Keir (2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Soccer. New York: Universe Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7893-0670-8.
  • Snyder, John (2001). Soccer's Most Wanted. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57488-365-7.
  • Stein, Steve (2011). "The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima". In Stavans, Ilan (ed.). Fútbol. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-0-313-37515-6.
  • Thorndike, Guillermo (1978). El Revés de Morir (in Spanish). Lima: Mosca Azul Editores.
  • Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. Harahan: CusiBoy Publishing. ISBN 0-9776688-0-0.
  • Wood, David (2007). "¡Arriba Perú! The Role of Football in the Formation of a Peruvian National Culture". In Miller, Rory; Crolley, Liz (eds.). Football in the Americas. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas. ISBN 978-1-900039-80-2.
  • Soccer: The Ultimate Guide. New York: DK Publishing. 2010. ISBN 978-0-7566-7321-5.
  • Essential Soccer Skills. New York: DK Publishing. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7566-5902-8.

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The acronym FPF comes from the organisation's Spanish name, Federación Peruana de Fútbol.
  2. ^ The Lima Cricket and Football Club might be the oldest club in the Americas that today plays association football.[10]
  3. ^ During these games in Callao, the Peruvians possibly invented the bicycle kick, which is known in Peru as the chalaca (meaning "from Callao").[16]
  4. ^ The European press also named them the "Peru-Chile XI", the "South American Team", and the "All-Pacific". Most players were from Peru's Universitario de Deportes, with reinforcements from Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, and Chile's Colo-Colo.[19]
  5. ^ In 2008, FIFA suspended the Peru national team and football league—citing political interference—after Peru's government impeded the re-election of FPF president Burga, charging him with not complying FPF statutes according to Peruvian law. In December 2008, FIFA lifted sanctions after the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD) agreed to negotiate with the FPF.[44]
  6. ^ In 2017, Burga faced charges of racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering as part of the 2015 FIFA corruption case in the United States.[47] Although acquitted, the FIFA Ethics Committee ruled, in 2019, Burga guilty of receiving bribes for Copa Libertadores and Copa America tournaments, thereupon banning him for life on taking part in any football-related activity worldwide.[48]
  7. ^ Peru's unsuccessful World Cup finals qualification attempts, from Mexico 1986 until Russia 2018, cemented the fans' nostalgia for the 1970s' golden era and increased the popularity of Peru Campeón.[88]
  8. ^ FIFA lists the player as Galindo,[131] but forward Souza Ferreira and other sources list De las Casas.[132]
  9. ^ Although an amateur side in 1936 with no players from their 1934 World Cup team,[147] Austria's 1936 Olympic side is also considered part of the Wunderteam by sports historians and FIFA. This favours the idea that the Wunderteam was primarily a strategic creation of coaches Jimmy Hogan and Hugo Meisl.[148][149]
  10. ^ Austria disputed the 4–2 result, asserting that Peruvian fans had invaded the pitch.[151] While some spectators did encroach on the field of play, the authorities never confirmed their nationality. Moreover, the Peruvians had no responsibility over crowd control in the German stadium.[152] A FIFA committee headed by Jules Rimet ordered a replay behind closed doors, prompting Peru's President Óscar R. Benavides to withdraw his entire Olympic delegation in protest.[151]

References

[edit]
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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peru national association football team.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Bolivarian Champions
1938 (First title) 		Succeeded by
U-20 Peru 
Preceded by South American Champions
1939 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1975 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
1998 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
1999 (First title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2000 Slovakia 
Preceded by
2004 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2005 (Second title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2006 Scotland 
Preceded by
2009 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2011 (Third title, shared) 		Succeeded by

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